The Android Q beta has a lot of new features for users and developers to find, and a new one that's going to give Samsung Dex a run for its money. It might also breathe new life into moving Android onto desktops and laptops, which has a ton of implications for Chrome OS.
This new feature is a desktop mode for Android Q that's built right into the native launcher. Some settings descriptions make it sound like this will only kick in on secondary displays that are connected to a device, but overall it does look like a full-fledged desktop replacement, floating windows and all.
This is strikingly similar to Samsung's implementation of a desktop mode on their Galaxy Tabs and Dex for Galaxy phones, but it's all integrated into Android Q directly, so you won't need an external dock or anything. Although all of this is really just a continuation of the floating window feature from Android 7.0.
It's still not really clear what Google plans on doing with this feature, but there's plenty of room for speculation. Apple unveiled second-screen support for their newer iPad Pro tablets, so this could be an answer to that, but it could also be a solution to make Android work on more traditional PC form factors. Android obviously still doesn't have the chops to beat Windows 10 here, but it's absolutely a step in that direction, if that's what Google wants.
source: XDA Developers
It’ll still need an external “dock” (of sorts) to utilise fully (hdmi out, usb ports for peripherals, etc). However, I’m looking forward to this, as the Dex app was broken on my Galaxy Note 8 (so I had to disable it), resulting in me using my standard Android GUI on the monitor/TV instead.
Until it will have a desktop (not mobile) version of Chrome, it will have zero implications for Chrome OS.