With newer iterations of Android, most manufacturers will typically update their own apps and software based on the newer code with their own unique sets of features. In this case Android Pie is the latest and greatest, so Samsung has been working on an updated Samsung Experience home screen launcher for devices running the newest from Google.
Of course, Samsung also likes to make small tweaks just between phones, which we've seen with the slightly tweaked and updated Galaxy Note 9 launcher. Samsung Experience 10 also has slightly larger home screen icons in the app drawer, a few new animations, and some Bixby speed improvements. Nothing major, but enough to warrant a full version number tick in Samsung's eyes.
Now if you want to test this out for yourself on your Samsung device running Android 8.0 Oreo or higher, you can, with a small catch. XDA is offering a standalone version of the APK for you to sideload on your device, since trying to install the regular Samsung app would fail as you can't update system applications via sideloading. It's been confirmed to run on the latest crop of Samsung devices going back to the Galaxy S7 with the only major bug being notification dots for apps not showing up. But hey, if that's a dealbreaker, it's pretty easy to go back and uninstall this version.
Hit the link below if you want to grab the app for yourself.
source: XDA Developers