I believe most people can add e-mail accounts to their phone, this is how to do it via Outlook, without an "Exchange" program.
Go to Outlook on your Computer
Then "Account Settings" (under Tools)
Open on an e-mail account you want to receive on your phone
Click on "More Settings"
Go to the Advanced tab
Under "Delivery" choose "Leave a copy of messages on the server"
Then choose if you want it to automaticly be removed after so many days, or when deleted from the "Deleted Items" folder.
This is the easiest way (for me) to receive e-mail on my phone, but not loose the same e-mail in my Computer's main Outlook program.
When I answer an e-mail on my phone, I have it set to automaticly send me a copy.
This is the way I get around any need to sync e-mail.